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What are Cognates?
The "convertible" English to Spanish words are known as cognates. Words in both languages which share the same Latin root and which are visibly and often audibly very similar. It is important to bear in mind that these cognates do not always translate from one language to another and are known as 'false cognates'.
For example: "inferior" in Spanish may be used to refer to a subordinate in the work place, without carrying any of the derogatory meaning in the English usage. In Spanish, "informal" means unreliable rather than "casual". A very common one is "embarrassed" which by no means translates to "embarazada" whose true meaning is to be pregnant.
In spite of these 'false cognates', there are thousands of English words which can be converted into Spanish along with much of their English meaning (especially the literal) by following a few simple rules.
Most words ending in TION in English end in CIÓN in Spanish
invitation
occupation
conversation
vacation
instruction
relation
anticipation
postion
construction
solution
communication
nation
tradition
education
invasion
possession
vision
admiration
clarification
occupation
conversation
vacation
instruction
relation
anticipation
postion
construction
solution
communication
nation
tradition
education
invasion
possession
vision
admiration
clarification
invitación
ocupación
conversación
vacaciones (plural in Spanish)
instrucción
relación
anticipación
posición
construcción
solución
comunicación
nación
tradición
educación
invasión
posesión
visión
admiración
clarificación
ocupación
conversación
vacaciones (plural in Spanish)
instrucción
relación
anticipación
posición
construcción
solución
comunicación
nación
tradición
educación
invasión
posesión
visión
admiración
clarificación
Many nouns ending in OR or OUR are often identical in Spanish
doctor
tractor
interior
exterior
actor
colour
humour
superior
error
director
factor
favour
tutor
tractor
interior
exterior
actor
colour
humour
superior
error
director
factor
favour
tutor
doctor
tractor
interior
exterior
actor
color
humor
superior
error
director
factor
favor
tutor
tractor
interior
exterior
actor
color
humor
superior
error
director
factor
favor
tutor
Many nouns and adjectives ending in AL are very often identical in Spanish
animal
capital
hospital
metal
moral
normal
formal
cardinal
legal
natural
central
local
musical
usual
final
capital
hospital
metal
moral
normal
formal
cardinal
legal
natural
central
local
musical
usual
final
animal
capital
hospital
metal
moral
normal
formal
cardinal
legal
natural
central
local
musical
usual
final
capital
hospital
metal
moral
normal
formal
cardinal
legal
natural
central
local
musical
usual
final
Many nouns ending in IST in English end in ISTA in Spanish
artist
dentist
novelist
optimist
tourist
feminist
linguist
pessimist
evangelist
conformist
dentist
novelist
optimist
tourist
feminist
linguist
pessimist
evangelist
conformist
artista
dentista
novelista
optimista
turista
feminista
linguista
pesimista
evangelista
conformista
dentista
novelista
optimista
turista
feminista
linguista
pesimista
evangelista
conformista
Many nouns ending in TY in English end in DAD in Spanish
variety
society
electricity
city
infinity
curiosity
university
adversity
possibility
familiarity
property
society
electricity
city
infinity
curiosity
university
adversity
possibility
familiarity
property
variedad
sociedad
electricidad
ciudad
infinidad
curiosidad
universidad
adversidad
posibilidad
familiaridad
propiedad
sociedad
electricidad
ciudad
infinidad
curiosidad
universidad
adversidad
posibilidad
familiaridad
propiedad
Many nouns ending in NCE in English end in NCIA in Spanish
distance
coincidence
independence
obedience
significance
experience
importance
intelligence
licence
assistance
coincidence
independence
obedience
significance
experience
importance
intelligence
licence
assistance
distancia
coincidencia
independencia
obediencia
significancia
experiencia
importancia
inteligencia
licencia
asistencia
coincidencia
independencia
obediencia
significancia
experiencia
importancia
inteligencia
licencia
asistencia
Many adjectives ending in IC in English end with ICO in Spanish
romantic
metalic
dramatic
erotic
fantastic
artistic
democratic
neurotic
automatic
electric
fanatic
metalic
dramatic
erotic
fantastic
artistic
democratic
neurotic
automatic
electric
fanatic
romántico
metálico
dramático
erótico
fantástico
artístico
democrático
neurótico
automático
eléctrico
fanático
metálico
dramático
erótico
fantástico
artístico
democrático
neurótico
automático
eléctrico
fanático
Many adjectives ending in IVE in English end with IVO in Spanish
negative
expressive
positive
effective
offensive
communicative
informative
inclusive
descriptive
expressive
positive
effective
offensive
communicative
informative
inclusive
descriptive
negativo
expresivo
positivo
efectivo
ofensivo
comunicativo
informativo
inclusivo
descriptivo
expresivo
positivo
efectivo
ofensivo
comunicativo
informativo
inclusivo
descriptivo
Many adjectives ending in OUS in English end with OSO in Spanish
famous
nervous
delicious
generous
ambitious
precious
nervous
delicious
generous
ambitious
precious
famoso
nervioso
delicioso
generoso
ambicioso
precioso
nervioso
delicioso
generoso
ambicioso
precioso
Many adjectives ending in BLE in English end with BLE in Spanish
horrible
impossible
terrible
probable
notable
incredible
impeccable
cable
infallible
irresistible
irreparable
responsible
impossible
terrible
probable
notable
incredible
impeccable
cable
infallible
irresistible
irreparable
responsible
horrible
imposible
terrible
probable
notable
increíble
impecable
cable
infalible
irresistible
irreparable
responsible
imposible
terrible
probable
notable
increíble
impecable
cable
infalible
irresistible
irreparable
responsible
Many adjectives ending in NT in English end with NTE in Spanish
ignorant
convenient
patient
important
excellent
acidulant
nutrient
convenient
patient
important
excellent
acidulant
nutrient
ignorante
conveniente
paciente
importante
excelente
acidulante
nutriente
conveniente
paciente
importante
excelente
acidulante
nutriente
Many adjectives ending in ID in English end with IDO in Spanish
stupid
rapid
splendid
valid
solid
rapid
splendid
valid
solid
estúpido
rápido
espléndido
válido
sólido
rápido
espléndido
válido
sólido
Many adjectives ending in ILE in English end with IL in Spanish
fertile
hostile
mobile
juvenile
sterile
hostile
mobile
juvenile
sterile
fértil
hostil
móvil
juvenil
estéril
hostil
móvil
juvenil
estéril
Many adjectives ending in ARY in English end with ARIO in Spanish
secondary
dictionary
literary
ordinary
necessary
voluntary
dictionary
literary
ordinary
necessary
voluntary
secundario
diccionario
literario
ordinario
necesario
voluntario
diccionario
literario
ordinario
necesario
voluntario
Almost every English infinitive verb ending in ATE (e.g., celebrate) can be converted into a Spanish infinitive by replacing the final ATE with AR(e.g., celebrar).
create
calculate
concentrate
demonstrate
estimate
exaggerate
negotiate
operate
participate
terminate
calculate
concentrate
demonstrate
estimate
exaggerate
negotiate
operate
participate
terminate
crear
calcular
concentrar
demostrar
estimar
exagerar
negociar
operar
participar
terminar
calcular
concentrar
demostrar
estimar
exagerar
negociar
operar
participar
terminar
Many English verbs (infinitive) ending in VOWEL+CONSONANT+T (e.g., result) can be converted into Spanish infinitive verbs by adding AR, ER, or IR to the end of the English verb (e.g., resultar).
insult
consult
present
represent
comment
import
export
convert
insist
consult
present
represent
comment
import
export
convert
insist
insultar
consultar
presentar
representar
comentar
importar
exportar
convertir
insistir
consultar
presentar
representar
comentar
importar
exportar
convertir
insistir
Many English infinitive verbs (of more than one syllable) ending in VOWEL+CONSONANT+E (e.g., examine) can be converted into Spanish infinitive verbs by dropping the final E and adding AR. (e.g., examinar)
accuse
adore
authorise
complete
converse
escape
ignore
invite
imagine
prepare
organise
utilise
adore
authorise
complete
converse
escape
ignore
invite
imagine
prepare
organise
utilise
acusar
adorar
autorizar
completar
conversar
escapar
ignorar
invitar
imaginar
preparar
organizar
utilizar
adorar
autorizar
completar
conversar
escapar
ignorar
invitar
imaginar
preparar
organizar
utilizar
Almost every English infinitive verb ending with IFY (e.g., signify) can be converted into a Spanish verb by replacing the final IFY with IFICAR (e.g., significar).
unify
simplify
solidify
amplify
notify
modify
gratify
justify
pacify
certify
qualify
simplify
solidify
amplify
notify
modify
gratify
justify
pacify
certify
qualify
unificar
simplificar
solidificar
amplificar
notificar
modificar
gratificar
justificar
pacificar
certificar
cualificar
simplificar
solidificar
amplificar
notificar
modificar
gratificar
justificar
pacificar
certificar
cualificar
In Spanish, MENTE combines with (feminine) adjectives to form Spanish adverbs. In English, LY combines with many adjectives to form adverbs.
normally
naturally
finally
probably
absolutely
exactly
evidently
exclusively
immediately
illegally
naturally
finally
probably
absolutely
exactly
evidently
exclusively
immediately
illegally
normalmente
naturalmente
finalmente
probablemente
absolutamente
exactamente
evidentemente
exclusivamente
inmediatamente
ilegalmente
naturalmente
finalmente
probablemente
absolutamente
exactamente
evidentemente
exclusivamente
inmediatamente
ilegalmente
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